Rev Assoc Med Bras 2010 56: 116–121.Ĭalton EK, Miller VS, Soares MJ.

Adipose tissue, inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Cytokine expression in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques: dominance of pro-inflammatory (Th1) and macrophage-stimulating cytokines.

J Clin Invest 2005 115: 1111–1119.įrostegard J, Ulfgren AK, Nyberg P, Hedin U, Swedenborg J, Andersson U et al. Future studies should consider the confounding effects of age, gender and study duration, while possibly targeting an achieved 25(OH)D ⩾80 nmol/l. Available high-quality RCTs did not support a beneficial effect of cholecalciferol on systemic IL-6 and CRP. Subgroup analyses of trials achieving ⩾80 nmol/l indicated a trend for lower CRP (WMD=−0.834, (−1.726, 0.058) mg/l, P=0.067), however heterogeneity was significant ( I 2=66.7%, P=0.017). Of 14 studies that met our criteria, 9 studies (15 study arms) permitted extraction of data. Selected RCTs were ⩾12 weeks, conducted in adults free of acute inflammatory disease, and of high-quality (Jadad score ⩾3). Causal links between vitamin D status and systemic inflammation were examined through a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

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